A smart city uses digital technologies and data to improve the quality of life for its citizens, enhance sustainability, and optimize resource management. It integrates advanced infrastructure systems such as smart grids, intelligent transportation systems, energy-efficient buildings, and IoT (Internet of Things) sensors for real-time data collection and management. In terms of infrastructure, this involves upgrading traditional urban systems—like roads, utilities, and public services—with smart technologies that enhance efficiency, reduce waste, and enable better decision-making. For example, smart street lighting systems that adjust based on traffic, smart waste management to optimize collection routes, or smart water networks that monitor and manage water usage more efficiently. The idea is to create interconnected, responsive environments that help cities become more resilient, sustainable, and livable. This infrastructure requires close collaboration between urban planners, engineers, data scientists, and policymakers.