🔋 Main Components of an EV: ⚡ Battery Pack Stores electrical energy (typically lithium-ion). Acts as the fuel tank of the EV. Supplies DC power to the motor via the inverter. ⚙️ Electric Motor Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy (torque) to drive the wheels. Types: AC Induction, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM), BLDC, etc. 🔁 Power Electronics Controller / Inverter Converts DC from the battery into AC for the motor. Controls motor speed and torque using signals from the accelerator pedal. ⚡ Onboard Charger Converts AC power from the grid into DC to charge the battery. Manages charging speed and safety. 🎮 Vehicle Control Unit (VCU) The brain of the EV—coordinates all subsystems (motor, battery, brakes, etc.). Handles safety, diagnostics, and energy management. 🛑 Regenerative Braking System Converts kinetic energy back into electrical energy during braking. Increases energy efficiency and battery range. ⚙️ Transmission / Drivetrain Many EVs use a single-speed gearbox due to the wide torque range of electric motors. 🔌 How They Work Together: Driver presses the accelerator → Signal sent to VCU. VCU commands the inverter to supply power to the motor. Motor drives the wheels, propelling the vehicle. When braking, the regenerative braking system sends energy back to the battery.